Kisah dari Salalah: (16) Khor Rori (Samhuram) ancient site
Kalau kemarinnya kami ke arah Barat, maka pada hari keempat ini kami bergerak ke arah Timur dari kota Salalah.
Tujuannya adalah ke Khor Rori ancient site.


Dan kami tetap perlu hati-hati dengan unta-unta yang menyeberang jalan.


Juga setelah melewati tempat rombongan unta menyeberang, biasanya lampu hazard masih dikedip-kedipkan agar mobil-mobil yang datang dari hadapan siap-siap mengurangi kecepatannya.
Kalau sudah pernah melihat 'cute' nya mata dan wajah unta, mungkin kita bisa mengerti mengapa orang menjadi sayang pada jenis binatang legendaris yang jarang mengeluh ini.


sejauh k.l. 5 km sebelum tiba di pintu gerbangnya.


Dari gerbang tsb. sampai ke tempat parkir di gerbang lapis kedua berjarak k.l. 1 km lagi.



Dari bukit itu kami bisa melihat celah yang dahulu dipakai untuk jalan masuknya kapal dari Samudera Hindia.
Celah itu sekarang tertutup dan kapal tidak lagi bisa masuk.

Sebuah papan informasi memperlihatkan denah lokasi pelabuhan dan temple (candi) Samhuram.
Di papan tsb. menyebutkan bahwa a.l. Samhuram adalah ancient site terpenting di wilayah Dhofar.
Ditemukannya benda-benda besi dan tembaga serta bengkel logam disini memperkuat dugaan bahwa Samhuram juga merupakan pusat perdagangan internal yang penting ke pedalaman Arabia tenggara dan pantai Oman sebelah utara.
Bagaimanakah awal penemuan ancient site ini ?

The first day of digging revealed coins and an inscribed tablet, the forerunners of finds that were to prove the ruins to be that of the ancient fortress of Sumhuram (Samaram) whivh once guarded the frankincense port of Moscha.
It was from this port that the frankincense was shipped to Hadrami port of Cana for transhipment to the outside world and, together with the 'Frankincense Route' north ensured supplies to the surrounding areas at all times of the year".
Pauline Searle juga menulis sbb:
"Dhofar indeed is said to have been the Ophir of Biblical times and as early as 1000 BC traders shipped frankincense from Dhofar to the market of Egypt and Assyria".
"Frankincense - the very word has a magic about it. The three Kings with their gift to baby Jesus - gold, frankincense and myrrh - the Song of Solomon and the hills of frankincense, the incense used by the Romans."
Dhofar was the chief source of of this heaven-sent commodity" Ada yang percaya bahwa Queen Sheba (Ratu Balqis) isteri Nabi Sulaiman a.s. mempunayi istana musim panas di lokasi Samhuram ini.

The trade in aromatics both by sea from India and East Africa and by land along the west coast of Arabia, was one of Arabia's principal contributions to the character of the ancient world.
Aromatics were used in the Mediteranean world not only as spices in food, but as ingredients in ointments, parfume powders, cosmetics, incense and drugs, and the demand for them was immense.
Vast quantities were consumed in religious and official ceremonial - by the Egyptians for example, in their embalming process, and on Romans funeral pyres.
Of the large number of spices in use, frankincense, myrrh and balsam grew in southern Arabia itself, and the cities there grew fabulously wealthy not only from the export of this indigenous products but, for a long time, as trading centres and distributors for virtually the whole aromatics trade, which passed by spouth west Arabia on its way along the Red Sea and the land route along Arabia's west coast".

Raja yg bernama Ll'ad Yalut ini tampaknya ingin memperluas pengaruhnya dalam terhadap wilayah frankincense di Oman Selatan dan sekaligus mendirikan pelabuhan expornya.
Pelabuhan ini tumbuh dengan pesat menjadi pusat perdagangan bagi kapal2 yg datang dari India.
Dengan demikian, Oman sejak k.l. 100 BC menjadi mata rantai penting pada jalur perdagangan laut antara dunia Timur dan dunia Barat.
Yang menarik, buku Oman a Sea Faring Nation mencatat sbb: "The succeeding years from 50 AD until c 200 AD,etc ......
Roman merchants reached Ceylon, the Ganges and by 150 AD even the Malay peninsula and the boarder of China.
On the East African coast, on the other hand, the traditional connection with southern Arabia was beginning to be established.
Rhapta, somewhere near Zanzibar .... was terminus for the cinnamon trade, conducted by Indonesian traders on outrigger canoes direct accros the Indian Ocean from South China and Java to Madagascar and Rhapta""Rhapta was governed by a South Arabian prince ......
From Rhapta, the Arabs maintained such a strict monopoly on trade that the Romans erroneously believed that the original source of cinnamon was in Central and East Africa"

(bersambung)
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